Addiction Today

FIRST UK PRISON ALCOHOL-TREATMENT PROGRAMME IS ACCREDITED

On 28 March 2008, the Correctional Services Accreditation Panel awarded full accreditation status to RAPt’s alcohol dependency treatment programme. This is the first such programme to be accredited in the UK.

There has been a proliferation of rehabilitation programmes in prisons for drug dependent offenders – but a significant lack of treatment opportunities for offenders whose crimes are related to their use of alcohol.

However, towards the end of 2006 the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) commissioned RAPt to develop a programme for alcohol-dependent offenders at HMP Bullingdon. The pilot programme began in January 2007. The results are encouraging and show that the programme can bring about significant changes in offenders who enrol.  Preliminary finding show that:

• Most men accessing the programme are in custody for violent offences connected to their alcohol use;
• Most have been dependent on alcohol for over six years;
• The programme can substantially reduce offenders’ risk of re-offending;
• Participants show increased awareness of the impact of their crimes on their victims;
• After treatment, 77% of participants rated their risk of relapse as low or very low; and
• Participants completing the programme continue to access support to help them stay sober and avoid the risk of re-offending on release.

Gail Jones, head of services at RAPt, was involved with the development of the Prison Services Alcohol Strategy and has lobbied for an increase in provision for alcohol-dependent offenders for many years.  “We have now been able to show that it is possible to provide good-quality interventions for this group of offenders,” she enthused.  “Most of the men accessing the programme have significant histories of violent crimes connected to their alcohol use. The development of an alcohol specific rehabilitation programme is good news for men in prison who have historically been unable to access treatment – it is also good news for their families and victims.

“I hope funding will now be made available to establish more alcohol dependency treatment programmes in prisons in England and Wales.“

RAPt would like to thank the Governor of HMP Bullingdon, Phil Taylor, for his support in piloting the programme.

ABOUT RAPT.

The Rehabilitation for Addicted Prisoners Trust is a charity providing treatment for men and women caught up in the criminal-justice system who have drug misuse or addiction problems. Its aim is to rehabilitate offenders from their dependency with the overall purpose of breaking the cycle of substance misuse and crime.

When it started, in 1992, there were no substance-abuse treatment programmes in UK prisons. The RAPt 12 Step programme in HMP Downview was the first of its kind. Now there are 10 12-step abstinence-based drug-treatment programmes in prisons across England, 16 CARAT teams, a residential aftercare project in Hull, a 12-step non-residential treatment programme in Tower Hamlets and an alcohol brief intervention service in Surrey.

TIME MAGAZINE DEVOTES COVER TO UK YOUTH SUBSTANCE PROBLEMS

This story was published by Time magazine, 7 April 2008

Staying home in the face of danger isn't the British way. After suicide bombings in July 2005, Londoners continued working and socialising. Yet a survey by kids' charity TS Rebel found that last year over a fifth of Britons avoided going out at night rather than risk encounters with a different form of terror: groups of children.

The boys and girls who casually pick fights, have sex and keep the emergency services fully occupied are often fuelled by cheap booze. British youngsters drink their Continental European counterparts under the table: in 2003, according to the Institute for Public Policy Research, 27% of UK 15-year-olds had been drunk 20 times or more, compared to 12% of young Germans, 6% of Netherlands youth and only 3% of young French.

UK kids were also more likely to try drugs or start smoking young. English girls are the most sexually active in Europe. More of them are having sex aged 15 or younger, and more than 15% fail to use contraception when they do — which means that the UK has high rates of both teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Small wonder, then, that a 2007 UNICEF study of child wellbeing in 21 industrialised countries placed it firmly at the bottom of the table.

None of those indicators are good, but it's the increase in nasty teenage crime that really has us spooked. Violent offences by under-18s rose 37% in the three years to 2006. The Sun newspaper declared that "the most important issue now facing Britain" is "the scourge of feral youngsters”. Prime Minister Gordon Brown, at his first press conference of 2008, said: "Kids are out of control."

"Young people live in a world with very little meaningful contact or engagement with adults," says Professor Richard Layard of the London School of Economics, who has made a study of the causes of happiness.

This youth culture echoes and magnifies aspects of the adult world around it. Binge-drinking, for example, is hardly the preserve of young Britons. A report by Alcohol Concern noted that one in three UK men and one in five women drink double the amount considered safe at least once a week. And, unlike many UK sports, this pursuit is popular from the bottom of the social spectrum right to the top. Photographs of Princes William and Harry emerging flushed from nightclubs are tabloid staples.

It isn't just the absence of adults from their lives that contributes to unhappiness among Britain's teenagers. So do pervasive but invisible social barriers of class and race. Income inequality is greater in Britain than the rest of western Europe, and the gap between its poorest and richest citizens has been growing since the 1980s.

For the full story by Time magazine, click here

Addiction Today editor’s comment:

Chief executives of addiction-treatment centres tell me that they are facing an issue with young patients that they never had to face before: instilling a set of values. Young patients need to learn right from wrong, and the value of working to achieve what they want – in a nutshell, they need hope. In one sense, it is not too much to ask.

Instilling standards starts with families – how can we help children whose parents AND grandparents are on drugs or methadone, who are third-generation benefit-dependent?

£10million was wasted by the government trying to get more schoolchildren into university. It was wasted. It should have been spent giving an adequate education to earn a university place. Without realistic basic school-leaving standards, rather than the current farce of pass rates without education, how can they earn an honest and decent living? This is another issue facing addiction-treatment centres: organising education and training for patients when they leave.

If instilling values and giving adequate education had been awarded – as was their right – to these children before they had the opportunity to enter addiction treatment, perhaps they would never have had to travel the harrowing journey there, with all the destruction in their wake it entails.

At every level, experts in recovery should be consulted – and heeded – to redress this degeneration of the UK. Who better than they to advise how to avoid their mistakes, and how to recover their lives so they can give back to the community?

RECLAIMING LIVES: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE RECOVERY

OPENING PLENARY for UKESAD 2008

Chair: Dr Brian Iddon MP with Baroness Massey, Martin Lee, Dr Barry Karlin

Aspirations for treatment goals from a political angle, from a prisons and probation view, from the chair of the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, and from the ceo of the world’s largest healthcare group.

  Baroness Massey is chair of the government’s National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse. She is a health-education specialist on drug and alcohol misuse, HIV/Aids and sexual health. She was director of the Family Planning Association, published books and training resources on health and sex education and is a qualified teacher. She is a member of the Advisory Council for Alcohol & Drug Education, the Trust for the Study of Adoles­cence and All-Party Parliamentary Groups on alcohol, drugs, Aids, population & develop­ment, and the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Children, which she co-chairs.

Dr Brian Iddon MP is chairman of the All-Party Parliamentary Drugs Misuse Group and Member of Parliament for Bolton, South East. He was a member of the Science & Technology Select Committee, has BSc, PhD and DSc degrees from the University of Hull, and was a reader in organic chemistry at the University of Salford. Brian served on Bolton Council for 21 years (1977-1998) and was first elected to Parliament in 1997, re-elected in 2001 and 2005. His main interests are in the science, education, and health and social-security policy areas.

Dr Barry Karlin is chairman and ceo of CRC Health, the largest provider of drug and alcohol treatment in the US. In 1995, he cofounded CRC to acquire and operate drug and alcohol abuse treatment facilities and provide a continuum of care. In 1999, he founded subsidiary eGetgoing, which uses online technology to expand quality treatment to untreated segments of the population. In 2002, the Silicon Valley Business Journal cited CRC Health as one of “the five fastest growing companies in the Silicon Valley”. eGetgoing, the only nationally accredited online alcohol and drug treatment programme, won the 2002 eHealthcare Leadership Award Gold Medal for best websites, achieving the gold medal for Best Physician/Clinician-Focused Site. Dr Karlin has a diverse background in management consulting, finance, marketing and strategic planning. 

CREATING A FAVOURABLE POLICY CLIMATE FOR RECOVERY AND SELF CHANGE

Kathy Gyngell and Andy Horwood demonstrate how to analyse the dynamic between objectives and performance targets of government drugs and alcohol policy, identify policy  prerequisites for expansion and growth of ‘quality’ treatment, and discuss the contribution to policy planning and practice by ‘recovered addict interest groups’.

Kathy Gyngell is research fellow at the Centre for Policy Studies and chair of its Prisons and Addictions Forum.

She has chaired and authored the two seminal Addictions volumes of Breakdown Britain and Breakthrough Britain, the Social Justice Policy Review for the Conservative Party.

AN INSPECTOR CALLS:

THE VALUE OF STANDARDS/ACCREDITATION

At the end of the presentations by Jeff Wilbee of IC&RC, Nikki Migas of Carf and David Finney of CSCI , attendees will be able to apply standards to running a successful service, value outcomes, and organise and raise the profile and credibility of the addiction-treatment profession.

  Jeff Wilbee is president of the International Certification and Reciprocity Consortium (IC&RC), the ‘gold standard’ accreditation for addiction therapists which is recognised in over 69 countries. He comes to that elected position as executive director of the Canadian Addiction Certification Federation, with over 30 years' experience in the addictions and community-corrections fields. Along with his international work, he is an adviser to the Canadian Addiction Workforce Development Task Force and a member of the Canadian Association of Professional Speakers.

Jeff has spoken about addictions to audiences across North America as well as Europe. He is working with Ukesad and the UK Professional Creditation Board of Alcohol & Drug Counsellors to promote and implement high-quality accreditation this side of the Atlantic.

David Finney is the lead person in CSCI, the Commission for Social Care Inspection, responsible for overseeing the regulation of residential-rehabilitation services in England. He has links with the National Treatment Agency, Department of Health, EATA and many individual rehab services. Within CSCI, he promotes training of inspectors and formulates policy.

His 33 years of service in social care have encompassed child-care social work, family therapy, various management roles and 12 years in inspection.

RESEARCH: LONG-TERM RECOVERY SUCCESSES

RESEARCH UPDATES: SURVEY RESULTS, IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS inc PROFESSIONALS IN RECOVERY

Dr David Best and Dr John Marsden catch up with the latest research on long-term recovery successes, including the NTA-commissioned research on Pofessionals in Recovery led by Dr Best.

David Best. is senior lecturer in addiction in Birmingham University's Medical School, as well as being part-time research manager for the National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse.

He has worked in the addictions field for 15 years, including at the Institute of Psychiatry/ National Addiction Centre and the Police Complaints Authority. He has completed work for the Prime Minister's Delivery Unit.

John Marsden is a chartered psychologist and senior lecturer in addictive behaviour at London's Institute of Psychiatry and a senior member of the National Addiction Centre. He has coordinated substance-misuse research projects for government departments and international agencies. He is an expert consultant to the UK Anti-Drugs Coordinating Unit, the World Health Organisation and the United Nations Drug Control Programme.

He trained in psychology at University College London 1981-1984 and his PhD studies were on the treatment of alcohol and other drug problems. From 1987-1994 he was a member of the central management team for Turning Point, the UK's largest “voluntary agency in the field of drugs, alcohol and mental health”.

He is a trustee of the Addiction Recovery Foundation, which organises UKESAD and sits on its Advisory Panel.

USING EMPIRICAL AND EVIDENCE-BASED FINDINGS...

... TO ACHIEVE BETTER TREATMENT OUTCOMES WITH LIMITED RESOURCES

Gerald Shulman reveals how to apply knowledge from evidence-based and empirical sources to improve treatment outcomes, often at little or no extra cost. Expand levels of care, provide more individualised treatment, explore continuing care, case-mix concerns, length of service and outcomes for various subpopulations, and different treatment models for patients with different severities of mental-health disorders. 

Jerry Shulman is an internationally recognised expert in clinical services in addiction and dual diagnosis, patient placement criteria, clinical documentation, older adults, assessment, results-based treatment and counsellor development. He consults with corporations, state agencies, managed care companies and treatment programmes on assessment, patient placement, care management and outcomes-based treatment.

He was involved in developing the Asam Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders, chaired the National Association of Addiction Treatment Providers’ patient placement committee. He is the co-editor of the Journal of Chemical Dependency Treatment.

He has been a workgroup facilitator for two CSAT Treatment Improvement Protocols: Substance Abuse Among Older Adults and Guidelines for the Treatment of Alcohol- and Other Drug-Abusing Adolescents, chaired state boards developing counsellor credentialing standards, was a grant reviewer for NIAAA and a consultant to JCAH (now JCAHO) for development of the first accreditation standards for alcoholism programmes.

ASAM SUMMIT AT UKESAD 2008

THE ROLE OF DOCTORS IN THE CARE OF PATIENTS WITH ADDICTION
Chaired by Dr Andrea Barthwell,
with Dr Michael Miller (us), Dr Michael Wilks (Europe), Dr Mike McPhillips (uk)

Doctors have opportunities for powerful interventions – but too often waste them. In its first European summit, the American Society of Addiction Medicine shares its research, experience and campaign expertise.

Dr Michael Wilks is president of the Standing Committee of European Doctors/ Comite Permanent des Medecins Europeens which represents about 2million doctors across Europe. He is also chair of the Rehabilitation for Addicted Prisoners trust, chair of the Society of Forensic Physicians and only recently retired as head of the British Medical Asosciation’s Ethics committee.

Dr Mike McPhillips is a trustee of the Addiction Recovery Foundation and heads up its medical affairs committee. He is a consultant psychiatrist to the Priory Hospital Roehampton the Causeway. A general adult psychiatrist with specialist training in
subs­tance misuse, he was NHS consultant to the River­side Substance Misuse Service in Kensington and Chelsea (1998-2002), a lecturer in psychiatry at Imperial College Medical School (1994-1997), and is author of over 20 research papers, book chapters and other articles.

Dr Andrea Bartwell is ceo of the global healthcare and policy-consulting firm EMGlobal LLC. President George W Bush nominated her as deputy director for Demand Reduction in the Unodcp Office of National Drug Control Policy. Andrea was a principal adviser in the [White House] Executive Office of the President on policies aimed at reducing the demand for illicit drugs. During her tenure, the Bush administration publicised science-based facts about the dangers of marijuana and drug legalisation, promoted student drug testing as a deterrent and an identification tool, and promoted drug courts.

Andrea was also a member of the White House Task Force on Disadvantaged Youth and its Domestic Violence Working Group. She worked with the National Institute on Drug Abuse to define its research scope. She hosted a weekly cable show on Aids, and is past president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. In 2003, Andrea received the Betty Ford Award, from the Association for Medical Education & Research in Substance Abuse. In 1997, she was named one of the “Best Doctors in America” in addiction. She is a trustee of the Addiction Recovery Foundation, which organises Ukesad.

Dr Mike Miller is president of the American Society of Addiction Medicine, having previously served as its secretary. He is medical director of Meriter/New Start, specialising in addiction. 

PROFESSOR PETER FRIEDMANN TO SPEAK AT UKESAD

Linking Addiction Treatment with Other Medical and Psychiatric Systems

This session by Professor Peter Friedmann is vital for practitioners in multidisciplinary teams. Attendees will be able to: list barriers to optimal linkage, summarise the benefits of linked services and discuss models of linked services. 

Professor Peter Friedmann is president of Amersa, the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse. An associate professor of medicine & community health at Brown University's Alpert Medical School, he is an addiction health services researcher who has published extensively on the organisation of treatment services, treatment process and outcomes, and the role of physicians in the care of substance-use disorders.

As principal investigator of the Rhode Island Research Center of Nida’s Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies, he is lead investigator of Step’n Out, a four-state, randomised trial of integrated parole and outpatient addiction treatment for adult parolees. 

He also directs the Programme to Integrate Psychosocial & Health Services in Chronic Disease & Disability, a centre for health services and translational research at Providence VA Medical Center.

AA HISTORY IN PICTURES

Click here to see 112 photos of the founders of AA, their supporters and their work.

ALCOHOL INCREASES RISK OF BREAK CANCER BY 50%

Cancer Research says alcohol causes about 2,000 breast cancer cases a year. Now the Department of Health has confirmed that women who drink above the government's recommended limit of 14 units a week are 50% more likely to develop breast cancer. It has launched a £10million campaign targeting women who might underestimate their drinking.

"Many women drink too much simply because they have no idea how many alcohol units they are consuming,” Public Health minister Dawn Primarolo said. "After the campaign, no-one should be in any doubt as to how many units they're drinking and the impact on their health."

There is concern that stronger wine of up to 13% alcohol and larger 250ml glasses can make women think they are drinking less than they are. One glass can contain as much as 3.5 units of alcohol.

Primarolo said professional women who drank too much had "gone under the radar" for a long time.

Other health risks for women who binge drink include liver disease, unplanned pregnancies and ruptured bladders.

PROFESSOR CARLO DICLEMENTE TO SPEAK AT UKESAD

Carlo C DiClemente PhD...
is professor and chair - Department of Psychology, University of Maryland.

Carlo DiClemente is the co-developer with Dr James Prochaska of the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change, widely known as the Stages of Change.  He is author of numerous scientific articles and book chapters on motivation and behaviour change and the application of this model to a variety of problem behaviours.

He is also a co-author of a self-help book based on this model of change, Changing for Good, as well as professional books including The Transtheoretical Model, Substance Abuse Treatment and the Stages of Change, and Group Treatment for Substance Abuse: A Stages of Change Therapy Manual.  His latest book is Addiction and Change: How Addictions Develop and Addicted People Recover, published by Guilford Press. 

Current projects include brief interventions for problem drinking in medical settings, adolescent and adult dietary change and health-risk reduction, and addiction prevention and treatment.

For over 25 years, he has conducted funded research in health and addictive behaviours, including being lead researcher on Project Match, the world’s most comprehensive research into the effects of treatment for alcoholism.  He has directed an outpatient alcoholism treatment programme and serves as a consultant to private and public treatment and prevention programmes.  He was given the 2002 Distinguished Contribution to Scientific Psychology award by the Maryland Psychological Association and named to receive the Innovators Combating Substance Abuse award by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.  He is president of the Division on Addictions in the American Psychological Association.

Dr DiClemente received his MA in Psychology at the New School for Social Research and his Doctorate in Psychology at the University of Rhode Island.

LICENCES, CERTIFICATIONS:

National - Diplomate in Clinical Psychology, American Board of Professional Psychology, National - Health Services Provider in Psychology (National Register), Texas - Licensed and Certified Psychologist.

OCCUPATIONAL HISTORY:

1973-74 Rehabilitation counselor, Employee Counseling Service, City of New York, NYC, NY.
1974-75 Graduate teaching assistant, Psychology Department, University of Rhode Island.
1975-76 Therapist (half-time practicum), Child and Family Services of Newport, RI.
1976-77 Therapist, Human Resources Institute of Boston, Norton, MA. Counseling Services Consultant, Salve Regina College, Newport, RI.
1977-78 Predoctoral Psychology Internship, Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, Houston, TX.
1978-79 Postdoctoral Research Fellowship, Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, Houston, TX.
1979-81 Research specialist/clinical psychologist, Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, Houston.
1981-85 Chief, Alcoholism Treatment Center and Addictive Behavior and Psychosocial Research
Section, Texas Research Institute of Mental Sciences, Houston, TX.
1985-87 Associate professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX.
1987-94 Associate professor, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX. Supervising Psychologist - Psychology Research and Service Center, University of Houston.
1994-95 Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
Supervising Psychologist - Psychology Research and Service Center, University of Houston.
1994- Adjunct Professor, Department of Behavioral Sciences, UT MD Anderson Hospital
1995- Professor and chair, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland.

RESEARCH GRANTS:

1980-83 Informal Self-Help Approaches to Smoking Cessation; P.I. James O. Prochaska, Co-P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente . 1983-85 Self Help Models and Manuals for Smoking Cessation; P.I. James O. Prochaska
Co-P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1985-90 Self-Help Models and Materials for Smoking Cessation; P.I. James O. Prochaska, Co-P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1984-89 Buena Vida Sin Fumar: Media/Community Demonstration
P.I. Alfred McAlister, Co-Investigator Carlo C. DiClemente. 1987 Smoking Cessation Counseling in Obstetricians' Offices; P.I. Patricia Mullen, Co-Investigator - Carlo C. DiClemente. 1986-87 Inhalant Abuse in a Mexican American Population; P.I. Betty Pfefferbaum, M.D, Co-Investigator - Carlo C. DiClemente; Hogg Foundation Grant to UT Medical School, Dept. of Psychiatry. 1989-94 UH-VA Alcoholism Treatment Matching Clinical Research Unit; P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente, Co-P.I. Joseph Carbonari. 1990-92 Minority Supplement for graduate student training to UH-VA Alcoholism Treatment Matching Clinical Research Unit; P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1990-95 Sustaining Women's Smoking Cessation Post Partum; P.I. Patricia Mullen, U.T. Center for Health Promotion; Co-P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1993-96 Sustaining Women's Smoking Cessation Post Partum - One to One; P.I. Patricia Mullen, U.T. Center for Health Promotion, Co-P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1994-99 Matching Patients to Alcoholism Treatments-Continuation; P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1994-96 Development & Evaluation of Intermediate Outcomes for Smoking Cessation Interventions During Pregnancy; P.I. Patricia Mullen, U.T. Center for Health Promotion; Co.-P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1994 Individualized Initial Treatment for Dual Diagnosis; P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1994 A Transtheoretical Approach To Drug Abuse Treatment; P.I. Carlo C. DiClemente. 1997-03 Combined Pharmacological and Behavioral Treatments for Alcoholism; P.I. Bankole Johnson, MD, UT Health Sciences Center-San Antonio, Co-Principal Investigator, Carlo C. DiClemente. 1999-04 The Process of Change in Drug Abuse by Schizophrenics; P.I. Allan Bellack, Ph.D. UMMS Department of Psychiatry, Co-Principal Investigator, Carlo C. DiClemente. 1999-04 Alcohol Abuse and Dependence in Trauma Patients, Project DELTA; P.I. Carl Soderstram, MD, UMMS Shock Trauma Study Center, Co-Principal Investigator, Carlo C. DiClemente. 1999-01 NIH NIDA Fellowship for Nancy Haug's dissertation research project: Smoking Cessation in Pregnant Substance Abusers; P.I. Mentor Carlo C. DiClemente, Fellowship P.I. Nancy Haug. 2000-04 Nutrition Academic Award; P.I. Steve Havas, M.D., UM,B Epidemiology, Co-Investigator: Carlo C. DiClemente. 2000-05 A Stage Matched Alcohol Intervention for Managed Care; P.I, Robert LaForge, URI Cancer Prevention Center, Co-Investigator, Carlo C. DiClemente.

EDITORIAL BOARDS:
International Journal of Health Psychology, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, Health Education Research.

CONSULTING REVIEWER:
Addiction, American Psychologist, Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Clinical and Experimental Psychopharmacology, Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Abnormal Psychology, Perceptual and Motor Skills, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Psychological Reports, Cognitive Therapy and Research, Health Psychology, Journal of Adolescent Psychology, Journal of Applied Social Psychology , Journal of Substance Abuse, Health Education and Behavior, Health Education Research, Theory & Practice, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Journal of Studies on Alcohol, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Psychology of Addictive Behaviors , Annals of Behavioral Medicine, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Psychological Bulletin, Journal of Nutrition Education, Alcoholism - Clinical & Experimental Research, Preventive Medicine, Journal of Swiss Psychology, Tobacco Control.

PUBLICATIONS

1981 :

Webb, L.J., DiClemente, C.C., Johnstone, E.E., Sanders, J.L. and Perley, R.A. (1981). DSM III Training Guide New York: Brunner/Mazel. DiClemente, C.C. (1981) "Burt Tate,". In Spitzer, R.L., Skodol, A.E., Gibbon, M., and Williams, J.B.W.(Eds.), DSM-III Case Book (pp. 100-101) Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. Webb, L.J., Gold, R.S., Johnstone, E.E. and DiClemente, C.C. (1981) Accuracy of DSM III Diagnoses Following a Training Program. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138 (3), 376 378. DiClemente, C.C. (1981) Self Efficacy and Smoking Cessation Maintenance: A Preliminary Report. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 5 (2), 175 187.

1982

DSM-III Training Guide - Translated into Japanese by Mahoto Shimegn -Tokyo. Seciva Shoten Publishers. DiClemente, C.C. & Gordon, J.R. (1982) Developing a Self Efficacy Scale for Alcohol Treatment: An abstract. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 6 (1).1983. DiClemente, C.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1982) Self Change and Therapy Change of Smoking Behavior: A Comparison of Processes of Change in Cessation and Maintenance. Addictive Behaviors, 7, 133 142. Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1982) Transtheoretical Therapy: Toward a More Integrative Model of Change. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 19 (3), 276 288.

1983

DiClemente, C.C. & Gordon, J.R. (1983) Aging, Alcoholism and Addictive Behavior Change: Diagnostic Treatment Models. In Samorajski, T. & Hartford, J. (Eds.), Alcoholism in the Elderly: Medical, Social and Biologic Issues New York: Raven Press. DiClemente, C.C. (1983) "Paralyzed" and "Not Stupid". In Spitzer, R.L., Skodol, A.E., Gibbon, M. and Williams, J.B.W. (Eds.), Psychopathology: A Case Book (pp. 25-28 & pp. 236-239) New York: McGraw Hill. Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1983) Stages and Processes of Self Change of Smoking: Toward an Integrative Model of Change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 390 395.

1984

Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1984) The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing The Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing Co. Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1984) Self Change Processes, Self Efficacy and Decisional Balance across five Stages of Smoking Cessation. (1984) In P.F. Epstein, P.N. Anderson & L.E. Mortenson (Eds.), Advance in Cancer Control (pp. 131-151) New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc. Norcross, J.C., Prochaska, J.O., Guadagnoli, E., & DiClemente, C.C. (1984) Factor Structure of the Levels of Attribution and Change (LAC) Scale in Samples of Psychotherapists and Smokers. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40 (2), 519 528. Velicer, W.F., DiClemente, C.C., & Corriveau, D.P. (1984) Item format and the Structure of the Personal Orientation Inventory. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8 (4), 409 419.

1985

Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1985) Common processes of change in smoking, weight control and psychological distress. In S. Shiffman and T.A. Wills (Eds.), Coping and Substance Abuse (pp. 345-362) New York: Academic Press. DiClemente, C.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1985) Processes and Stages of Change: Coping and competence in smoking behavior change. In S. Shiffman and T.A. Wills (Eds.), Coping and Substance Abuse (pp. 319-342) New York: Academic Press. DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O. & Gibertini, M. (1985) Self Efficacy and the Stages of Self Change of Smoking. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9 (2), 181 200. Velicer, W.F., DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O. and Brandenburg, N. (1985) A decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48 (5), 1279 1289. Edwards, J., DiClemente, C.C. & Samuels, M.L. (1985) Psychological characteristics of Patients with Testicular Cancer. Journal of Psycho-social Oncology, 3 (1). Lee, C.P. & DiClemente, C.C. (1985) Age of onset versus duration of problem drinking on the Alcohol Use Inventory. Journal of Studies on Alcohol. 46 (5), 398 402. Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., Velicer, W.F., Ginpil, S.E., & Norcross, J.C., (1985) Predicting Change in Smoking Status for Self Changers, Addictive Behaviors, 10, 395 406. Wilcox, N.S., Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F. & DiClemente, C.C. (1985) Subject Characteristics as predictor`s of self change in smoking. Addictive Behaviors. 10, 407 412.

1986

Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1986) Toward a Comprehensive Model of Change. In W.R. Miller & N. Heather (Eds.), Treating Addictive Behaviors: Processes of Change (pp. 3-27) New York: Plenum Press.
Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1986) The Transtheoretical Approach: Towards a Systematic Eclectic Framework. In J.C. Norcross (Ed.), Handbook of Eclectic Psychotherapy (pp. 163-200) New York: Brunner/Mazel. DiClemente, C.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1986) Training in a Transtheoretical Perspective. Invited contribution for Training Integrative/Eclectic Psychotherapists Section. International Journal of Eclectic Psychotherapy, 5 (1), 71 94. DiClemente, C.C. & Stadler, J. (1986) Poly Drug Use in Outpatient Alcoholism Treatment: An Abstract. Alcohol & Drug Research, 7 (2). DiClemente, C.C., McConnaughy, E.A., Norcross, J.C. & Prochaska, J.O. (1986) Integrative Dimensions for Psychotherapy. International Journal of Eclectic Psychotherapy, 5 (3), 256 274. DiClemente, C.C. (1986) Self Efficacy and the Addictive Behaviors. Journal Social and Clinical Psychology, 4 (3), 302-315. Norcross, J.C., Prochaska, J.O., & DiClemente, C.C. (1986) Self-change of psychological distress: Laypersons' vs psychologists' coping strategies. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 42 (5) 834-840.

1987

DiClemente, C.C. (1987) Book review of The Substance Abuse Problems, Volume two New Issues for the 1980's by Sidney Cohen. Health Psychology, 6 (3), 269-272. DiClemente, C.C. (1987). Smoking Cessation and the Cycle of Change. Proceedings from a Conference on Smoking Cessation in the Primary Care Office, 19-22. DiClemente, C.C. (1987) Antonio More than Anxiety: A Transtheoretical Approach. In J.C. Norcross (Ed.), Casebook of Eclectic Psychotherapy (pp. 158-179) New York: Brunner/Mazel.

1988

DiClemente, C.C. (1988) Book review of Psychopathology and Addictive Disorders by Roger E. Meyer, (Ed.), Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2 (3), 151-154. Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F., DiClemente, C.C. and Fava, J. (1988) Measuring processes of change: Application to the cessation of smoking. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56 (4), 520-528. Rossi, J.S., Prochaska, J.O. and DiClemente, C.C. (1988) Processes of Change in Heavy and Light Smokers. Journal of Substance Abuse, 1, 1-9. DiClemente, C.C. (1988) Clinical Exchange: Testing the Lows. Journal of Integrative and Eclectic Psychotherapy, 7 (4), 445-465.

1989

Grunberg, N.E., Evans, R.F., Curry, S., DiClemente, C., Epstein, L., Horton, A.M., Lichtenstein, E., McCaul, K., Perkins, K., Walston, K., Wells, T. (1989). Report of Working Group on Smoking Prevention, Cessation and Research. Division 38 Research Conference. Health Psychology. DiClemente, C.C. (1989) Book Review: Catharsis and Cognition in Psychotherapy by B. Guinagh. Journal of Integrative and Eclectic Psychotherapy, 8 (1), 87-89. McConnaughy, E.A., DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O. & Velicer, W.F. (1989) Stages of Change in Psychotherapy: A follow up report. Psychotherapy: Theory Research and Practice, 4, 494-503. Cohen, S., Lichtenstein, E., Prochaska, J.O., Rossi, J.S., Gritz, E.R., Carr, C.R., Orleans, C.T., Shoenbach, V.J., Beiner, L., Abrams, D., DiClemente, C.C., Curry, S., Marlatt, G.A., Cummings, K.M., Bmont, S.L., Grovins, C., Ossip-Klein, D. (1989). Debunking Myths about Self-quitting: Evidence from ten prospective studies of persons quitting smoking by themselves. American Psychologist, 44 (11), 1355-1356.

1990

Davison, G.C., DiClemente, C.C., Sharma, S.D. & Bugental, J.F.T. (1990) The Envious Lover. In N. Saltzman & J.C. Norcross (Eds.), Therapy Wars: Contention and Convergence in Differing Clinical Approaches (pp. 92-112) San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Velicer, W.F., DiClemente, C.C., Rossi, J. & Prochaska, J.O. (1990) Relapse situations and self-efficacy: an integrative model. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 271-283. DiClemente, C.C. & Hughes, S. (1990) Stages of Change Profiles in Outpatient Alcoholism Treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse, 2, 217-235.

1991

DiClemente, C.C. Motivational Interviewing and the Stages of Change. In W.R. Miller & S. Rollnick (Eds.), Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior (pp. 191-202) New York: The Guilford Press. DiClemente, C.C., Prochaska, J.O., Fairhurst, S., Velicer, W.F., Velasquez, M., Rossi, J., (1991) The Process of Smoking Cessation: An Analysis of Precontemplation, Contemplation Preparation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 59, 2 295-304. Mullen, P.D., Ito, J.R., Carbonari, J.P. & DiClemente, C.C., (1991) Assessing the Congruence between Physicians Behavior and Expert Opinion in Smoking Cessation Counseling. Addictive Behaviors, 16, 203-210. Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W., DiClemente, C.C., Guadagnoli, E., Rossi, J. (1991) Patterns of Change: Dynamic Typology Applied to Smoking Cessation. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 26, 83-107.

1992

Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1992) Stages of Change in the Modification of Problem Behavior. In M. Hersen, R. Eisler & P.M. Miller, (Eds.), Progress in Behavior Modification. 28, (pp. 184-214) Sycamore, IL.: Sycamore Publishing Company. Miller, W.R., Zweben, A., DiClemente, C.C. & Rychtarik, R., (1992) Motivational Enhancement Therapy Manual: A clinical research guide for therapists treating individuals with alcohol abuse and dependence. [Monograph] Project MATCH NIAAA. DiClemente, C.C., Carbonari, J.P., & Velasquez, M.M. (1992) Alcoholism Treatment Mismatching from a Process of Change Perspective. In R.R. Watson (Ed.), Treatment of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (pp. 115-142) Totowa, NJ: The Humana Press. Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1992) The Transtheoretical Approach. In J. Norcross & M. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy Integration (pp. 300-334). New York: Basic Books. Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., Velicer, W.F., & Rossi, J.S. (1992) Criticisms and Concerns of the Transtheoretical model in light of recent research. British Journal of Addiction. 87 (6), 825-828. Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C. & Norcross, J.,(1992) In Search of How People Change. American Psychologist. 47 (9), 1101-1114.

1993

DiClemente, C.C. (1993) Alcoholics Anonymous and the Structure of Change. In W.R. Miller & B. McCrady (Eds.), Alcoholics Anonymous and Research (pp. 79-97). New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies. Velicer, W.F., Prochaska, J.O., Bellis, J.M., DiClemente, C.C., Rossi, J.S., Fava, J.L. & Steiger, J.H. (1993). An expert system intervention for smoking cessation. Addictive Behaviors, 18, 269-290. Prochaska, J.O., DiClemente, C.C., Velicer, W.F. & Rossi, J.S. (1993) Standardized, Individualized, Interactive and Personalized Self-Help Programs for Smoking Cessation, Health Psychology, 12 (5), 399-405. DiClemente, C.C., (1993) Changing addictive behaviors: The process underlying the problems. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2 (4), 101-106. Project MATCH Research Group (1993). Project MATCH: Rationale and methods for a multisite clinical trial matching alcoholism patients to treatment. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 17 (6), 1130-1145. Velicer, W.F. & DiClemente, C.C. (1993). Understanding and interviewing with the total population of smokers: An editorial. Tobacco Control: An International Journal.

1994

DiClemente, C.C., Carbonari, J., Hughes, S.O. & Montgomery, R. (1994). An Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 55, 141-148. Werch, C.E. & DiClemente, C.C. (1994). A multi-component stage model for matching drug prevention strategies and messages to youth stage of use. Health Education Research: Theory & Practice. 9 (1), 37-46. DiClemente, C.C. (1994). If behaviors change, can personality be far behind. In T. Heatherton & J. Weinberger (Eds.), Can Personality Change (pp. 175-198). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. Glanz, K., Patterson, R.E., Kristal, A.R., DiClemente, C.C., Heimendinger, J., Linnan, L., & Ockene, J. (1994). Stages of change in adopting healthy diets: Fat, fiber and correlates of nutrient intake. Health Education Quarterly, 21 (4), 499-519. Prochaska, J. O., Norcross, J., & DiClemente, C. C. (1994) Changing for Good: The revolutionary program that explains the six stages of change and teaches you how to free yourself from bad habits. New York, NY: William Morrow & Co., Inc. Longabaugh, R., Wirtz, P., DiClemente, & Litt, M. (1994). Issues in the development of patient-treatment matching hypotheses. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 12, 46-59. Donovan, D.M., Kadden, R., DiClemente, C., Carroll, K., Longabaugh, R., Zweben, A., & Rychtarik, R. (1994). Issues in the Selection and Development of therapies in alcoholism treatment matching research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 12, 138-148. Connors, G.J., Allen, J., Cooney, N.L., DiClemente, C.C., Tonigan, J.S., & Anton, R. (1994). Assessment issues and strategies in alcoholism treatment matching research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 12, 92-100. DiClemente, C.C., Carroll, K.M., Connors, G.J., & Kadden, R. (1994). Process assessment in matching research. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 12, 156-162. Grimley, D., Prochaska, J.O., Velicer, W.F., Blais, L.M., DiClemente, C.C. (1994). The Transtheoretcial Model of Change. In T.M. Brinhaupt & R.P. Lipka (Eds.) Changing the Self: Philosophies, techniques and experiences. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, pp 373.

1995

DiClemente, C.C., Fairhurst, S. & Piotrowski, N. (1995). The role of self-efficacy in the addictive behaviors. In J. Maddux (Ed.) Self-efficacy, adaption and adjustment: Theory, research and application. New York: Plenum Press. Norcross, J.C., Prochaska, J.O., & DiClemente, C.C. (1995). Stages and processes of weight control: Two replications. In A. P. Simopoulos & T. B. VanItallie (Eds.), Obesity: New directions in assessment and management. Philadelphia: Charles Press. Velicer, W. F., Prochaska, J. O., Rossi, J., DiClemente, C.C., Guadanoli, E. & Redding, C. (1995). A Empirical Typology of Subjects with Stages of Change. Addictive Behaviors, 20, (3), 229-320. Main, D.S., Cohen, S.J., & DiClemente, C.C. (1995). Measuring physician readiness to change cancer screening: Preliminary results. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 11(1), 54-58.

1996

Perz, C.A.; DiClemente, C.C.; and Carbonari, J.P. Doing the Right Thing at the Right Time? Interaction of Stages and Processes of Change in Successful Smoking Cessation. Health Psychology 15:462-468, 1996. O'Connor, E., Carbonari, J. P., DiClemente, C. C. (1996). Gender and Smoking Cessation: A Factor Structure Comparison of Processes of Change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 130-138. Sorenson, G., Thompson, B. Glanz, K., Feng, Z., Kinne, S., DiClemente, C., Emmons, K., Heimendinger, J., & Lichtenstein, E. (1996) Working Well: Results from a worksite based cancer prevention trial. American Journal of Public Health, 86, 939-947.
Stotts, A. DiClemente, C. C. Carbonari, J. P., & Mullen, P. (1996). Pregnancy Smoking Cessation: A Case of Mistaken Identity. Addictive Behaviors, 21, 459-471. Velicer, W.F., Rossi, J.W., Prochaska, J.O., & DiClemente, C.C. (1996) Addictive Behaviors, 21, 555-584. Werch, C.C., Carlson, J.M., Pappas, D.M., & DiClemente, C.C. (1996) Brief nurse consultations for preventing alcohol use among urban school youth. Journal of School Health, 66(9), 335-338.

1997

Project MATCH Research Group. Matching Alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH post-treatment Drinking Outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 58:7-29, 1997. Project MATCH Research Group. Project MATCH secondary a priori hypotheses, Addiction 92(12): 1671-1698, 1997b. DiClemente, C.C. and Scott, C.W. Stages of change: Interaction with treatment compliance and involvement. In: Onken, L.S., Blaine, J.D., and Boren, J.J., eds. Beyond the Therapeutic Alliance: Keeping the Drug-dependent Individual in Treatment. Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1997. Hudmon, K.S., Prokhorov, A.V., Koehly, L.M., DiClemente, C.C., & Gritz, E.R. (1997) Journal of Child and Adolescent Substance Abuse, 6(3), 1-18. Connors, G.J. Carroll, K.M., DiClemente, C.C., Longabaugh, R., & Donovan, D.M. (1997) the therapeutic alliance and its relationship to alcoholism treatment participation and outcome. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(4), 588-598.

1998

DiClemente, C.C. and Prochaska, J.O. Toward a comprehensive, transtheoretical model of change: Stages of change and addictive behaviors. In: Miller, W. R. and Heather, N., eds. Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2nd edition. New York: Plenum, 1998. Pp3-24. Project MATCH Research Group. Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH three-year drinking outcomes. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental
Research 22:1300-1311, 1998. Werch, C.E., Pappas, D.M., Carlson, J.M., & DiClemente, C.C. (1998) Short and Long term effects of a pilot prevention program to reduce alcohol consumption. Substance Use and Misuse, 33, 2303-2321. Pollak, K.I., Carbonari, J.P., DiClemente, C.C., Niemann, Y.F., & Dolan-Mullen, P. (1998) Causal relationships of processes of change and decisional balance: stage specific models for smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 437-448. Prochaska, J.O. & DiClemente, C.C. (1998) comments, criteria and creating better models. In: Miller, W. R. and Heather, N., eds. Treating Addictive Behaviors. 2nd edition. New York: Plenum, 1998. Pp. 39-45. Gritz, E.R., Prokhorov, A.V., Hudmon, K.S., Chamberlain, R.M., Taylor, W.C., DiClemente, C.C., Johnston, D.A., Hu, S., Jones, L.A., Jones, M.M., Rosenblum, C.K., Ayars, C.L., Amos, C.I. (1998) Cigarette smoking in a multiethnic population of youth: methods and baseline findings. Preventive Medicine 27(3), 365-384. Sorenson, G. Thompson, B. Basen-Enquist, K., Abrams, D., Kuniyuki, A., DiClemente, C., Biener, L. (1998) durability, dissemination, and institutionalization of worksite tobacco control programs: Results from the Working Well Trial. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 5(4), 335-351. Carroll, K.M., Connors, G.J., Cooney, N.L., DiClemente, C.C., Donovan, D.M., Kadden, R., Longabaugh, R.L., Rounsaville, B.J., Wirtz, P.W., Zweben, A. (1998) Internal validity of project MATCH treatment: Discriminability and integrity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(2), 290-303. Project MATCH Research Group. (1998) Therapist effects in three treatments for alcohol problems. Psychotherapy Research, 8(4), 455-474. Mattson, M.E. delBoca, F.K., Carroll, K.M., Cooney, N.L., DiClemente, C.C., Donovan, D., Kadden, R.M., McRee, B., Rice, C., Rychtarik, R.G., Zweben, A. (1998) Compliance with treatment and follow-up protocols in project MATCH: Predictors and relationship to outcome. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 22(6) 1328-1339. Suris, A.M., Trapp, M.C., DiClemente, C.C., & Cousins, J. (1998) Application of the transtheoretical model of behavior change for obesity in Mexican American women. Addictive Behaviors, 23(4), 655-668.

1999